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Instructional materials for this component of the Strategic Instruction Model are available only through professional development sessions conducted by certified SIM instructors.
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The Course Organizer Routine is used to plan courses around essential learning and critical concepts. The teacher uses the routine to introduce the course and the rituals that will be used throughout the course. The teacher then uses this framework throughout the year to maintain the big ideas and rituals.
Research showed that the use of the Course Organizer Routine helps teachers and students keep the big ideas in mind and focus their attention to understand important relationships. Instruction results in learning more about the big picture and less in trying to cover large amounts of information.
Teachers using the routine spent more time introducing major course ideas, concepts, themes, and routines to students than did the comparison teachers who did not learn the routine. Students with LD answered an average of three "big idea" course questions correctly at the beginning of the year. The students with LD in the class that used the Course Organizer answered correctly an average of eight "big idea" questions by the end of the course, while the students with LD in the class that did not use the Course Organizer answered only an average of four of the "big idea" questions correctly.
Adapted from an article by Keith Lenz originally published in Strategram (a newsletter of the Center for Research on Learning), Vol. 15, No. 5 (August 2003).
When you undertake a lengthy journey to an unfamiliar place, a good road map is essential to your success. In many respects, a course taught over a period of four to nine months can be likened to a journey.
During a road trip, you expect to see unfamiliar sites and may learn about the culture, food, and history of the places you visit. You may expect to drive hundreds of miles.
During a U.S. history course, in comparison, students expect to learn about the creation and growth of the United States. The course may cover a lot of ground, conceptually.
Travelers on a road trip and students in a history course both must beware of obstacles to reaching their goals. Too many detours on insignificant routes and byways can derail the whole trip, preventing you from reaching your ultimate destination. Likewise, during a course, too much emphasis on insignificant details or side trips through information unrelated to the main thrust of the course can prevent students from mastering the information that is most crucial.
In both cases, quality tools can help alleviate these problems. For travelers, that tool is a good road map and the forethought to plot the journey, including any side trips or stops along the way that will enhance the experience. For teachers and students, CRL has developed the Course Organizer to encourage collaboration and communication while maintaining a focus on the important goals of the course. The Course Organizer is a visual device depicting a summary of the course; the critical questions that will be answered during the course; the principles and learning rituals to which students and teachers will be expected to adhere throughout the journey; and other expectations and standards associated with the course. It also includes a map of the units that will be studied during the course.
Teachers use the Course Organizer Routine to prepare the Course Organizer device and present it to students. The routine helps teachers focus on how the course will be organized and how course ideas will be launched at the beginning of the year, maintained throughout the year, and pulled together at the end of the year.
At this level of planning, teachers work through issues related to professional and state standards, overall outcomes, the type of learning community they want to create, the type of systems and routines that will be implemented throughout the year, and the types of skills and strategies that will be emphasized as the vehicles to learning content.
Teachers' beliefs and mindset about diversity, individualization, and educational responsibilities related to shaping instruction in ways that meet student needs also influence course planning.
Course-level planning provides opportunities to address the overall purpose of the course, the scope and sequence of units and lessons, the amount of time to be devoted to each unit, ways to evaluate students' performance, what concepts will appear throughout the course, and the specific teaching techniques that will be used consistently to facilitate student mastery. The Course Organizer Routine helps teachers make the most of these opportunities.
Ultimately, the Course Organizer is a road map that helps ensure that all students--as well as the teacher--are on the journey together.
The Course Organizer is a two-page visual device used to share course plans with students and then revisit those plans throughout the course. The type of information contained in the Course Organizer and its purpose are listed below.
Section 1: This Course
Section 1 contains several types of information, including the title of the course. The title is usually the same as that listed in the school curriculum, but it may be the name of the textbook on which the course is based or another name given to the course by the teacher. The section also contains the time period in which the class meets, the name of the teacher, and the student's name. The teacher lists the Course Paraphrase, a summary of what the course is about using words that the students can easily understand or that reveal the central meaning of the course title. The Course Paraphrase usually focuses on how this course is different in comparison to courses that students have taken, are taking, or will take.
Section 2: Course Questions
In Section 2, the teacher lists the Critical Course Questions that every student will be able to answer by the end of the year. The Critical Course Questions are the most important part of the Course Organizer. Here, the teacher's goal is to translate state standards and benchmarks into a usable framework. The Critical Course Questions--usually a set of about 10--are broad in scope and stimulate classroom conversations throughout the course.
Teachers introduce the Critical Course Questions to students at the beginning of the year and elicit from students what they think they know about the questions and their answers. At the end of each unit, the teacher and class return to the questions and discuss which questions they have answered, which questions remain unanswered, and which questions now have better answers. As the year progresses, a written record of the answers to each question is maintained and used as the basis for discussion and keeping the critical ideas of the course alive.
Section 3: Course Standards
Section 3 defines the standards that will be used for judging course progress and how these standards will be evaluated and weighted. Three types of information are provided:
Course Standards communicate to students the factors that will be emphasized as the teacher evaluates whether they have learned the critical content of the course, learned the processes for learning the critical content (such as using appropriate strategies), followed the rules of behavior established for the classroom, and contributed to the development of a learning community.
Section 3 of the Course Organizer also provides a graph for students to monitor their individual progress based on the Course Standards. At the end of each unit, the teacher provides feedback that will allow each student to plot his or her scores on the graph. Based on these graphs, the teacher can launch discussions regarding the quality of learning and how to improve learning with groups of students or with an individual student. Teachers can decide whether they will use graphs or other devices to help students see their progress.
Section 4: Critical Concepts
Section 4 lists the Critical Concepts that serve as a foundation for the course. The concepts will be emphasized either in individual units or throughout the course. Frequently, Critical Concepts relate to key words used to construct the Course Questions. Section 4 cues students that the concepts in the list must be mastered and that a significant amount of instructional time will be devoted to exploring and understanding them.
Section 5: Content Map
In Section 5, the teacher constructs a visual map showing how the information in the course has been organized. The teacher places an oval on the far left listing the first unit he or she plans to introduce. The second unit is placed in an oval to the immediate right and so on, until the last unit to be learned in the course is placed in an oval on the far right of the graphic. The linear listing of units helps students keep track of course progress and organize information as course content is mastered.
Section 6: Community Principles
The words in this section represent the values, ideas, or tone to which students will be expected to adhere in the quest to create a "connected" learning community within the classroom. The words should create a picture or feeling within students that help them understand the classroom conditions that can lead to learning and respect for and among all students. The discussion of Community Principles can serve as the rationale for discussing other course expectations included on the Course Organizer.
Section 7: Learning Rituals
Section 7 lists the rituals-- teaching routines, learning and social skill strategies, or communication systems--that will be important to enhance learning throughout the course. The teacher usually introduces these rituals at the beginning of the course and then reinforces their regular use as students learn the course content.
Section 8: Performance Options
Section 8 lists the options for learning and remembering course content and for demonstrating mastery of the material the teacher will make available to accommodate the diversity of learners in a classroom.
Preparing to introduce the Course Organizer
Before the course begins, the teacher prepares a draft of the Course Organizer device, which serves as a planning tool for the teacher. The teacher then prepares a version of the Course Organizer--completed, partially completed, or blank--to distribute to students. This serves as the basis for discussion and interaction for each of the following Linking Steps.
The Linking Steps
During the initial presentation of the Course Organizer, the teacher follows a set of procedures called Linking Steps that helps the teacher guide students to understand what the course is about.
Step 1: Cue Course Questions. In introducing the course, the teacher announces the course title, introduces the course paraphrase, and presents the course questions. The class discusses this information as students take notes in Sections 1 and 2 of their Course Organizers.
Step 2: Outline Critical Concepts and Units. The teacher leads students in a brainstorming activity to generate a list of key words related to the Course Questions. The teacher and students transfer the list to the Critical Concepts section of the Course Organizer. After they have generated this list, the teacher presents a map of the units he or she has planned for the course.
Step 3: Uncover Community Principles. The teacher identifies and explores the types of values and ideas that will be important in the course, leading students in a discussion of the principles that should be in place to help foster the development of a learning community.
Step 4: Reveal Learning Rituals. The teacher identifies the rituals he or she thinks are important for learning and working together, briefly describing the ritual and providing rationales for its importance in the course.
Step 5: Share Performance Options. The teacher presents each performance option and explains how it will be incorporated into course activities. Students record the options in Section 8 of the Course Organizer.
Step 6: Explain Course Standards. In this step, the teacher helps students understand the standards they will need to meet in the course and introduces them to the course progress graph that will be used throughout the course. To remember the Linking Steps, teachers can use the acronym created by the first letters of the steps, course.
Throughout the course
Once the Course Organizer is presented and explained to students, students should be shown how to keep it safe, such as by placing it in a course notebook. The teacher and students return to the Course Organizer throughout the course and especially at the end of each unit. Each time they return to the Course Organizer, the teacher provides explicit guidance in helping the students use the Course Organizer to think about the "big ideas" of the course and prompts students to use the Course Organizer to examine how information between units and the course are connected and how course plans and learning are progressing.
Successful implementation
Experience with the Course Organizer Routine has indicated that several factors are important for successfully implementing the routine and for improving the performance of students in academically diverse classes:
The Course Organizer Routine was developed in collaboration with secondary-level teachers. Teachers reported that before using the routine, they often lost sight of the "big ideas" and frequently became bogged down in trying to cover masses of information. As a result, their students had difficulty understanding the relationships among clusters of information being presented. Using the routine, however, helped teachers focus their instruction and assessment activities and helped students understand important relationships. They also noted that having the freedom to modify the routine to suit their own needs helped them use the routine successfully. Research indicates the following:
Learn more about the Course Organizer Routine by contacting a certified SIM(R) Professional Developer or the Professional Development Research Institute at the University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning.
